Nouns

Nouns in English can be singular (one only) or plural (more than one); countable (a noun that we can count, i.e. that we can make plural) or uncountable (a noun that it is impossible to count).
Some nouns are always plural, such as trousers, clothes, and scissors.
Singular and plural nouns
Some nouns are regular, and some nouns are irregular.

Regular nouns

For most nouns, you can add s to the singular noun to make it plural.
One dog = Two dogs
One cat = Two cats
This is also true for most nouns ending in a vowel.
One sea = Two seas
One bite = Two bites
Spelling differences


When a noun ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch, x, z add -es to make it plural.
One bus = Two buses
One boss = Two bosses
One leash = Two leashes
One church = Two churches
One match = Two matches
One box = Two boxes
One quiz = Two quizzes

When a noun ends in -y, there are two possibilities.
1. vowel + y = add s
One key = Two keys
One boy = Two boys

2. consonant + y = change the y to i and add es
One study = Two studies
One baby = Two babies

Other spelling differences

When a noun ends in -fe, change to –ves.
One life = Two lives
One wife = Two wives